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និយមន័យ

对利益相关方之间协议的术语和契约进行确定的正式(书面)文件。项目融资协议可能是资金方开发商承包商之间的协议。有关工作合同或分包的协议可能涉及开发商承包商分包商承保人可能与资金方、开发商承包商分包商协商保险协议。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Project Glossary," accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

中国政策性银行、中国商业银行、中国投资基金多边开发银行 (MDB) 或其他金融机构的项目融资的接受人或受益人。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Enhancing AIIB's Accountability: The Project-Affected People's Mechanism," 2018, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

为了符合法律和技术开发要求或扩建增加产能或产量而进行改建的现有和运营项目。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Thomson Reuters Practical Law Canada, "Project Finance, Overview," accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

给定时间内估计或预期支出的明细概要,以及为这些措施或活动提供融资的建议;在给定时间内花费金钱或时间的系统计划;以及一段时间内为特定项目分配的资金总额。

ប្រភព

Adapted from United Nations (UN) Terminology Database, "Budget," accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

由多家中国政策性银行投资基金商业银行或其他金融机构共同提供资金的项目。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Inclusive Development International (IDI), "Community Guide to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank," 2020, View the PDF

និយមន័យ

一种法律安排,在这种安排下,公司(通常是私营公司)从东道国政府获得提供特定服务的权利。特许权可以用来创造市场竞争优势。特许权的示例包括建设-经营-转让 (BOT) 合同和租赁。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Michael Gray Kerf et al., “Concessions for Infrastructure : A Guide to Their Design and Award,” World Bank, 1998, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

以大幅优惠于市场贷款(也被称为非优惠贷款)的条件发放的贷款。这些贷款的减让是通过低于市场上的利率和/或延长宽限期实现的。

ប្រភព

Adapted from International Monetary Fund (IMF), "External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users," 2003, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一种战略管理概念,公司将社会和环境问题纳入其业务运营以及与利益相关方的互动中。公司将努力平衡经济、环境和社会需求,同时满足股东和利益相关方的期望。企业社会责任远不止于慈善事业,尽管这两种类型的活动都有助于减贫、提高公司的声誉并提高品牌知名度。

参与海外基础设施项目的中国企业目标是,维护利益相关方的权益,提高社区生活水平和可持续性,促进当地就业,减轻其项目的不良社会影响,加强文化遗产和自然风光的保护,加强质量管理,并承担对利益相关方的应有责任,从而实现和谐共处和共同发展

ប្រភព

Adapted from United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), "What is CSR," accessed in 2022, View the Website; China International Contractors Association (CHINCA), "Sustainable Infrastructure Guidelines for Overseas Chinese Enterprises," 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

有特定还款义务的金额。信贷类型包括贷款、易货额度、债券、票据和其他需要在一段时间内偿还的协议——通常(但并非总是)有利息。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from International Monetary Fund (IMF), "External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users," 2003, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

出于伦理、金融或政治原因将资金和投资转移出特定行业的有意行为。例如,出售或清仓化石燃料股票和投资的公司、政策性银行、商业银行和投资基金可以投资于可再生能源和其他环保项目。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Cassie Burke, “What Is Fossil Fuel Divestment?,” Unity College, 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

开发商承包商识别、预防、缓解和考虑潜在财务、环境和社会风险的过程。该调查是决策和环境与社会风险管理 (ESRM) 系统的一个组成部分。或者,在与开发商承包商和其他利益相关方签订项目融资协议之前,资金方审查和分析风险的过程。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

作为对拟建项目的环境和社会风险及影响进行初步审查的一部分,资金方利用这一过程来反映风险和影响的程度。根据初步评估,由此产生的类别通常决定了资金方对环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 和信息披露的内部要求。有关此过程的详细信息,请参阅项目分类和筛选

ប្រភព

Adapted from International Finance Corporation (IFC), “Environmental and Social Categorization,” accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

股东以普通股或优先股形式在公开上市或私人拥有的公司中拥有的股份数量

ប្រភព

Adapted from Sustainable Finance Advisory, "Environmental and Social Risk Due Diligence in the Financial Sector: Current Approaches and Practices," 2013, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

资金方将资金投资于一家公司,之后获得该公司的所有权股份。这样可以让投资者有权分享公司的利润和价值。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Inclusive Development International (IDI), "Community Guide to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank," 2020, View the PDF; Thomson Reuters Practical Law, “Equity,” accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

一种保险、担保或融资安排,使出口货物和/或服务的外国买家能够推迟一段时间付款。这类信贷一般分为短期还款、中期还款(通常为两至五年)和长期还款(通常为五年以上)。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Equator Principles Association (EPA), "The Equator Principles 4," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

资金方为特定项目或项目的组成部分提供贷款股权投资赠款或其他形式的资本。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Inclusive Development International (IDI), "Community Guide to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

开发商承包商有权提取贷款的时间 点。这通常要求所有资金文件均已签完毕署,并且已向资金方交付或免除最初提取贷款的所有先决条件。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Equator Principles Association (EPA), "The Equator Principles 4," 2020, View the PDF; Thomson Reuters Practical Law, “Financial Close,” accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

考虑财务因素,例如与项目总成本相比,采取某些措施和行动的增量成本,以及这些增量成本是否会使项目对开发商承包商来说不可行。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

从其他金融机构筹集资金,为项目或业务运营提供融资政策性银行商业银行投资基金或公司。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Inclusive Development International (IDI), "Community Guide to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank," 2020, View the PDF

និយមន័យ

向项目、资产或业务运营投入资金的公司、政策性银行商业银行投资基金、政府或其他类型的金融机构。“一带一路”项目可以从在东道国运营或开展业务的地方、地区或国际资金方那里获得资金,有关他们在“一带一路”项目中可能发挥的作用以及所承担责任的更多信息,请参阅中国资金方

ប្រភព

Adapted from James Chen, "Investor," Investopedia, 2021, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

项目的主权支持融资非主权支持融资。这种融资可以通过多种方式提供,例如贷款、投资公司的股权资本以及为经济发展提供贷款担保。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Enhancing AIIB's Accountability: The Project-Affected People's Mechanism," 2018, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

跨境投资投资者对另一经济体的企业建立持久的兴趣并对其产生重大影响。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “Foreign Direct Investment (FDI),” accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

东道国政府民间社会组织 (CSO)/非政府组织 (NGO) 或其他利益相关方提供的一笔无需偿还的款项。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Project Glossary," accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

以前未开发过且没有现有资产或运营的项目或土地。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Thomson Reuters Practical Law Canada, "Project Finance, Overview," accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

补偿损失或责任。许多赔偿由合同规定,根据合同,东道国政府开发商承包商或其他利益相关方承诺支付已确定的损失。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Thomson Reuters Practical Law, “Indemnity,” accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

资金方开发商承包商分包商承保人处获得财务保护或损失补偿的合同。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Julia Kagan, "Insurance," Investopedia, 2021, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

提供保险的公司或其他机构。有关承保人在“一带一路”项目中可能发挥的作用和责任的更多信息,请参阅中国承保人

និយមន័យ

有关该国际金融机构 (IFI) 的具体信息,请参阅国际金融公司 (IFC),该机构也是世界银行集团的成员。 

និយមន័យ

提供贷款、投资保险或其他金融产品和服务的国际银行、投资和保险机构。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Sustainable Finance Advisory, "Environmental and Social Risk Due Diligence in the Financial Sector: Current Approaches and Practices," 2013, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

公司、金融机构或投资基金收购的项目或其他资产,目的是随着时间的推移产生收入或价值。这种投资可能属于各种项目和资产的更大投资组合中的一部分。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Adam Hayes, "Investment," Investopedia, 2021, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

属于众多投资者的资本供应,用于集体购买证券。虽然每个投资者都保留对自己份额的所有权和控制权,而基金提供了比投资者自身所能获得的更广泛的投资机会、更多的管理专业知识和更低的费用。有关“一带一路”倡议下属主要基金的更多信息,请参阅投资基金

ប្រភព

Adapted from James Chen, "Investment Fund," Investopedia, 2020, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

开发商承包商提供资金,并期望资金得到偿还的政策性银行商业银行投资基金、公司或其他实体。还款通常包括支付任何利息或费用。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Adam Barone, "Lender," Investopedia, 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

可能需要由承保人承保的法律或监管风险。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Adam Hayes, "Liabilities," Investopedia, 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

东道国政府开发商承包商或其他利益相关方提供的资金,用于开发、建造、运营和/或维护项目或支持一般运营。资金必须在特定时间内偿还并支付利息。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Inclusive Development International (IDI), "Community Guide to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank," 2020, View the PDF; Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Project Glossary," accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

有关中国政府内部该部门的具体信息,请参阅商务部 (MOFCOM)

និយមន័យ

有关中国政府内部该部门的具体信息,请参阅财政部 (MOF)

និយមន័យ

由多个国家共同特许的超国家金融机构。所有成员国都是股东,身份为债权人和/或借款人。多边开发银行为大型基础设施项目提供资金,提供与政策改革挂钩的贷款,并向发展中国家提供其他形式的财政援助,进而促进经济和社会发展。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Inclusive Development International (IDI), "Community Guide to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank," 2020, View the PDF; European Investment Bank (EIB), "Multilateral development banks," accessed in 2022, View the Website; Congressional Research Service (CRS), "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress," 2020, View the PDF; Rebecca Ray, "Who Controls Multilateral Development Finance?," 2019, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

利率基于市场的贷款,条件远不如优惠贷款宽松。

ប្រភព

Adapted from the Education Commission, “Glossary | the Education Commission Report,” accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

私营公司国有企业 (SOE) 或没有政府向资金方提供担保或反担保和赔偿支持的次主权实体提供或出于其利益而提供的任何融资。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Enhancing AIIB's Accountability: The Project-Affected People's Mechanism," 2018, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

促进并具体针对发展中国家的经济发展和福利的政府援助。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “Official Development Assistance (ODA) - OECD,” accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

所有金融资产,包括贷款赠款、担保、股权投资以及资金方开发商拥有的其他类型的资产。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

用新贷款替换现有贷款的过程,新贷款也将用于偿还现有贷款。原贷款不得临期或违约。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Equator Principles Association (EPA), "The Equator Principles 4," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一项文书,用于估计项目地点存在危险条件或材料造成损害的可能性。风险表示潜在危害实现的可能性和重要性;因此,危害评估通常先于风险评估,或者两者合二为一进行评估。风险评估是一种灵活的分析方法,是组织和分析潜在危险活动或在特定条件下可能构成风险的物质相关科学信息的系统方法。资金方可能需要对涉及处理、储存或处置危险材料和废物、建造水坝或在易受地震活动或其他潜在破坏性自然事件影响的地点进行重大建筑工程的项目进行风险评估。对于某些项目,环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 报告可能仅包括风险评估。在其他情况下,此项评估属于 ESIA 文档中的内容。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, “Operational Manual - OP 4.01 -- Annex A,” 1999, View the Website; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

投资者在其财务规划中愿意承受的投资回报差异程度。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Alexandra Twin, "Risk Tolerance," Investopedia, 2020, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

向政府实体提供的或由政府实体担保(或涵盖因政府未能履行与项目有关的具体义务或借款人未能在贷款下付款而引起的贷款下偿债违约的担保并附有政府赔偿)的贷款

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Enhancing AIIB's Accountability: The Project-Affected People's Mechanism," 2018, View The PDF.

និយមន័យ

拥有至少一股公司股票(称为股权)的个人、公司或机构。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Adam Hayes, "Shareholder," Investopedia, 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

指多个资金方,为了限制风险敞口,共同提供融资或承销一个特定的项目。融资由牵头人构建、安排和管理,牵头人可以是政策性银行商业银行投资基金或其他金融机构。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Sustainable Finance Advisory, "Environmental and Social Risk Due Diligence in the Financial Sector: Current Approaches and Practices," 2013, View the PDF

និយមន័យ

有关该多边开发银行 (MDB) 的具体信息,请参阅世界银行