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និយមន័យ

可供选择的项目设计、位置、尺寸、运营、材料和/或技术方案。具体应包括具有类似技术特征或功能的项目,而且可以满足预期目标,但可能具有不同的位置、尺寸、技术、设计、时间框或运营程序,以及“无项目”替代方案。在项目范围界定期间,应考虑每种替代方案的环境、社会、技术、经济、法规和管辖可行性。

ប្រភព

Adapted from School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) University of London, "Unit 1: Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)," accessed in 2022, View the Website; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), "Environmental & Social Management System (ESMS)," 2016, View the PDF; Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Guidebook on Safeguards (Volume I)," 2020, View the PDF; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), "Environmental and Social Impact Assessment," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

环境吸收污染物增量负荷,同时保持在对人类健康和环境造成不可接受的风险阈值以下的能力。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

与项目位置、设计、运营或缓解措施的决策相关的环境和社会数据。具体应包括次要数据和其他现有分析,以及在项目领域和外围收集的主要数据。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), "Environmental & Social Management System (ESMS)," 2016, View the PDF; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), "Environmental and Social Impact Assessment," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

是指各种生物之间的变异性或多样性,包括陆地、海洋及其他水生生态系统,以及生态系统中各组成部分间复杂的生态过程。这种多样化具体包括种内、种间和生态系统多样性。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF; Equator Principles Association (EPA), "The Equator Principles 4," 2020, View the PDF; World Bank, "Environmental and Social Standard 6. Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources," Draft for Consultation, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一项文书,其中介绍了监测、评估和实施减轻对自然栖息地生态系统服务影响的程序。BAP 通常包括为了减轻剩余影响而实施的一系列目标、目的和管理措施,进而实现净收益(或无净损失)。每项计划都应概述一系列行动、监测绩效指标、各利益相关方的角色和责任以及时间范围。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from International Finance Corporation (IFC), “International Finance Corporation’s Guidance Note 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources,” Natural Resources, 2019, View the PDF; World Bank, "Environmental and Social Standard 6. Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources," Draft for Consultation, 2014, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

温度和天气模式的长期变化。虽然地球的气候在 10,000 年间一直保持相对稳定,但燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气等人类活动已经引起了重大改变。自 19 世纪 80 年代以来,全球平均气温大约上升了 1.1 摄氏度。气候科学家发现,在此期间,全球几乎所有国家的年平均气温均有所上升。随着平均气温的升高,热浪和洪水等“急性”自然灾害将频发;干旱、海平面上升等“慢性”自然灾害也将不断加剧,未来十年发生自然灾害的可能性将增加。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from United Nations (UN), “What Is Climate Change?,” accessed in 2022, View the Website; SynTao and China International Contractors Association (CHINCA), “Community Engagement Handbook for Chinese International Contractors (2021 Edition)-北京商道纵横信息科技有限责任公司,” 2021, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

在项目实施和项目运营阶段,为减轻非预期性或可能导致对项目提出更改的不利影响而制定的行动。请参阅环境和社会行动计划的准备与实施,了解有关如何计划、批准、实施和监控纠正措施的更多信息。

និយមន័យ

东道国设定的框架,包括其国家、地方或部门实施机构,以及与基础设施项目的环境和社会要求相关的法律、法规、规则和程序。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Safeguard Policy Statement," 2009, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

具有高度生物多样性重要意义或高保护价值的区域,包括对极度濒危或濒危物种或生态系统具有重要意义的栖息地;对特有物种或限定范围内物种具有重要意义的栖息地;支持全球或全国高度集中的迁徙或聚集物种的栖息地;高度受威胁或独特的系统;原始或完整的天然森林;具有生物多样性或对当地社区具有重大社会文化或经济重要性自然资源的区域,包括最初被传统当地社区保护的地区(例如,神圣的树林);以及生物多样性特征、景观、进化过程以及维持上述生物多样性和保护价值的可持续性所需的其他生态功能或特征。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF; Equator Principles Association (EPA), "The Equator Principles 4," 2020, View the PDF; World Bank, "Environmental and Social Standard 6. Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources," Draft for Consultation, 2014, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

列入世界自然保护联盟 (IUCN)“濒危物种红色名录”的物种。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Equator Principles Association (EPA), "The Equator Principles 4," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

项目产生的连续、增量和/或综合影响,在引入到其他相关的过去、现在或未来的开发中时,可能会在以后或不同地点产生影响。未来的开发可以是有计划的、合理可预见的,也可以是计划外但可预测的行动、项目或活动。累积影响可能是在一段时间内发生的单次来说无关紧要但累积起来却十分重要的活动所产生的。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; International Finance Corporation (IFC), "What is Cumulative Impact Assessment and Management," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一项文书,用于评估一个项目的累积影响和其他相关开发的影响,以及可能在以后或不同地点因项目而进行的计划外却可预测的活动。应尽早确定潜在的累积影响,最好是作为范围界定研究的一部分进行界定,并作为累积影响评估的内容进行更深入的审查。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF; World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

开发商承保人资金方进行初步尽职调查的重要一步。活动包括审查现有文献和分析次要数据,以便对东道国的文化背景、社会经济状况、发展优先事项、重大问题以及执行拟建项目的潜在障碍有基本的了解。

និយមន័យ

改善受影响民众甚至“一带一路”东道国民众的生活质量、机会和福祉。可以是社区层面,比如通过建造新型用水和卫生设施,也可以是国家层面,比如开发新型可再生能源发电机组。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Bridges Across Borders, "A Cambodian Guide to Defending Land and Housing Rights Vol 1, Part 1," 2009, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

由项目引起,同时发生在项目所在地的环境或社会影响。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

开发商承包商识别、预防、缓解和考虑潜在财务、环境和社会风险的过程。该调查是决策和环境与社会风险管理 (ESRM) 系统的一个组成部分。或者,在与开发商承包商和其他利益相关方签订项目融资协议之前,资金方审查和分析风险的过程。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

人类从生态系统中获得的所有惠益,包括供给服务,如食物、淡水、木材、纤维、药用植物和其他天然产品;调节服务,如地表水净化、碳储存和封存、气候调节、保护免受自然灾害以及人类从生态系统过程的调节中获得的其他惠益;文化服务,如圣地、娱乐和美学享受的重要区域,以及其他具有非物质惠益的自然区域;支持服务,如土壤形成、养分循环、初级生产以及其他维持单独服务的自然过程。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

在一定的自然区域中保护环境、维持当地居民福祉并涉及解释和宣传的一种有责任的旅游行为。

ប្រភព

Adapted from The International Ecotourism Society, "What is Ecotourism," 2015, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

为解决与意外情况以及项目实施和运营变化相关的突发事件而制定的计划。这类计划包括明确分配评估生命和财产风险的责任,以及向利益相关方传达不同类型紧急情况的程序。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook Draft Working Document," 2012, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

为应对事故、事件、意外的不利影响或项目性质、范围、设计、实施或运营的重大变更而制定的计划。其中规定了为了加强开发商和/或承包商对环境和社会要求的合规性所采取的必要措施;定义了解决任何问题的预期结果和行动;并预估了实施这些措施的资金、资源和责任。

និយមន័យ

识别、预测、评估、减轻、管理和监测项目的不利环境和社会影响的过程。

ប្រភព

Adapted from United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), "Guidance Note: UNDP Social and Environmental Standards, Social and Environmental Assessment and Management," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

确定现有项目或现有活动中关注的所有环境和社会领域的性质和程度的工具。审核确定并证明能够减少关注领域的相应措施,估算采取措施和行动的成本并拟定实施这些措施和行动的时间表。对于某些项目,环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 报告可能仅包含环境和社会审核。在其他情况下,此审核属于 ESIA 文档中的内容。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the Website; World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

作为对拟建项目的环境和社会风险及影响进行初步审查的一部分,资金方利用这一过程来反映风险和影响的程度。根据初步评估,由此产生的类别通常决定了资金方对环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 和信息披露的内部要求。有关此过程的详细信息,请参阅项目分类和筛选

ប្រភព

Adapted from International Finance Corporation (IFC), “Environmental and Social Categorization,” accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

确定拟建项目在其影响范围内的潜在环境和社会风险与影响(包括人权气候变化风险与影响)的过程,也是关于项目潜在环境和社会风险和影响的综合文件。ESIA 通常为绿地开发或大型扩建而编制,专门识别此类扩建可能会产生重大的环境或社会影响的物理元素、方面和设施。如果项目有可能对人权造成不利影响,文件应包括对这些影响的评估。评估文件的示例包括但不限于以下内容:环境和社会影响评估、环境和社会审核危害评估风险评估累积影响评估社会冲突分析环境和社会管理计划 (ESMP)环境和社会管理框架区域 ESIA部门 ESIA战略环境和社会评估 (SESA)安置计划生计恢复计划土著人民计划 (IPP)生物多样性行动计划 (BAP)文化遗产管理计划 (CHMP) 以及相关的项目特定环境许可证。非技术性环境和社会概要可以补充评估文件,特别是当这些概要作为更广泛的利益相关方参与过程的一部分向公众披露时。虽然在部分东道国,社会影响和风险可以作为环境影响评估 (EIA) 的一部分进行审查,但重要的是要确定是否有必要进行单独或补充社会影响评估 (SIA),以确定对社会(特别是妇女;老年人;儿童和青年;残疾人士土著人民民族语言和宗教上的少数群体;难民;以及流离失所人口)的全面影响。有关让受影响民众民间社会组织 (CSO)/非政府组织 (NGO) 和其他利益相关方参与本评估的更多信息,请参阅环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 的准备与实施

ប្រភព

Adapted from Equator Principles Association (EPA), "The Equator Principles 4," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

负责组建科学/技术专家小组、选择特定专家或聘请相关政府机构的代表审查项目的环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA)环境和社会管理计划 (ESMP) 以及定期环境和社会监测报告的机构。部分东道国自行指定独立机构作为 ESIA 权威机构,但有些东道国政府保留了这一专门机构。

និយមន័យ

具有资质且经验丰富的专家或公司,能够促进环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 过程;让受影响民众和其他利益相关方参与进来;并为范围界定研究做准备,编制调查范围 (ToR)、ESIA 报告以及环境和社会管理计划 (ESMP)。特别是对于高风险项目,与专家或公司与项目及其支持者保持独立可有助于确保 ESIA 过程的客观性、准确性和完整性。

និយមន័យ

一项文书,针对包括一个方案和/或一系列子项目,并且在确定方案或子项目细节之前无法确定影响的项目,用于检查影响和风险。ESMF 规定了评估环境和社会风险和影响的原则、规则、准则和程序。具体包含减少、减轻和/或抵消不利影响并增强积极影响的措施和计划;估计和预算这些措施的费用以及确定执行此类措施和计划时间表的规定;以及有关负责处理项目影响和风险的一个或多个机构的信息,包括环境和社会风险管理 (ESRM) 能力。具体包括关于预计子项目所在地区的充分信息,包括该地区任何潜在环境和社会脆弱性、可能发生的潜在影响以及可能采用的缓解措施。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF; World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一项文书,详细说明在项目实施和运作期间为减少、减轻和/或抵消不利的环境和社会影响同时增强积极影响而应采取的缓解和管理措施;环境和社会监测及报告要求;相关的机构或组织安排;在项目前规划和项目实施阶段进行披露和磋商的规定,包括利益相关方参与的措施;能力发展和培训措施,包括为此目的所需的任何环境和社会专家的参与;实施时间表和成本估算,这些都纳入项目的总体时间表和预算;以及绩效指标、目标或验收标准。有关让受影响民众民间社会组织 (CSO)/非政府组织 (NGO) 和其他利益相关方参与本计划的更多信息,请参阅环境和社会管理计划 (ESMP) 的准备与实施

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

可能适用于公司或项目层面的总体环境、社会、健康和安全管理体系。该体系旨在整个项目实施和项目运营阶段持续识别、评估和管理风险和影响,由手册、政策、管理方案和计划、程序、要求、绩效指标、职责、培训、定期审核、检查和相关源文档组成。它是实施环境和社会管理计划 (ESMP) 的首要框架。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Equator Principles Association (EPA), "The Equator Principles 4," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

识别、评估、解决和管理拟建项目对环境和社会的影响和风险的过程。这一过程使用环境和社会标准进行项目筛选项目分类以及环境和社会风险评估,以及其他尽职调查措施,以确定拟建项目的运营和财务可行性。 

និយមន័យ

技术参考文件,其中载有良好国际行业惯例 (GIIP) 的一般和行业特定声明。这些准则包含通常认为在采用现有技术的新设施中以合理的成本可以实现的性能水平与措施。有关 EHSG,请访问:https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/publications/publications_policy_ehs-general

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一份政府文件,其中概述了拟建项目对其周围环境的潜在不利影响及好处。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Tiffany Middleton, “What Is an Environmental Impact Statement?,” 2021, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

维护或恢复环境质量的任何活动。例如,可能涉及对项目进行重新设计,以防止污染物的排放或减少环境中的污染物质。

中国政府将环境预防、综合管理、公众参与和损害责任放在首位。根据《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,“环境”是指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然及经过人工改造的自然因素的总体,包括大气、水、海洋、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、湿地、野生生物、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) (now Ministry of Environment and Ecology (MEE)), “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (Chinese and English Text) | Congressional-Executive Commission on China,” 2009, View the Website; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Environmental Protection Definition,” 2003, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

从土壤、地表水、地下水、沉积物和其他区域去除污染物。如果存在环境破坏风险或人类健康风险,则采用环境修复措施来修复受污染区域。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Alpha-Omega, “What Is Environmental Remediation?: A Guide,” AOTC, 2020, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

以环境绩效、社会绩效和公司治理为中心的投资理念。这一理念出现于 20 世纪 60 年代至 70 年代,旨在满足投资者和公众的需求。ESG 的核心理念,如绿色金融可持续发展,与中国的长期发展战略具有高度的共性。ESG 还反映了公司创造长期价值和内部制度建设的方法,这些内部制度有助于制定良好的决策,并提供对冲风险的能力。它可以为投资者判断任何公司的价值、改进投资策略、做出投资决策提供有价值的参考。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Community Engagement Handbook for Chinese International Contractors (2021 Edition)-北京商道纵横信息科技有限责任公司,” 2021, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

煤炭、石油和天然气。这些燃料来自古代植物和动物的遗骸。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Fossil Fuels Definition,” 2001, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

政府及其公民用来提高应对跨国挑战的可预测性、稳定性和秩序的制度、政策、规范、程序和举措。

ប្រភព

Adapted from United Nations (UN), "Global Governance and Global rules for Development in the Post-2015 Era," 2014, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

熟练而有经验的专业人员在全球或区域相似情况下进行同类活动时所表现出的专业技能、努力程度、谨慎程度和预见力。其结果应当是,针对具体项目下采用最适当的惯例和技术。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Enhancing AIIB's Accountability: The Project-Affected People's Mechanism," 2018, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一种旨在提高效率、和谐性和可持续性的经济增长和社会发展模式。在中国等国家,这是一种公认为与可持续发展全球重视程度相一致的重要趋势。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Baidu, “Green Development (绿色发展_百度百科),” 2021, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

利用自然资源实现有效增长并且兼具以下特点——清洁功能,可以最大限度地减少污染和环境影响;具有弹性,因为考虑到了自然灾害,以及环境管理和自然资本在预防人为灾害方面的作用。具体涉及促进经济增长和发展,同时确保自然资产继续提供我们的福祉所依赖的资源和环境服务。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “What Is Green Growth and How Can It Help Deliver Sustainable Development? - OECD,” 2012, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

将热量捕获在大气中导致地球变暖的气体。造成温室效应的主要气体包括二氧化碳、甲烷、一氧化二氮和水蒸气(均为自然发生)和氟化气体(合成气体)。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Melissa Denchak, “Greenhouse Effect 101,” Natural Resource Defense Council (NDRC), 2019, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

公司宣传在运营中如何实现环保或可持续发展,而实际上却反其道而行的过程。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Khanyi Mlaba, “Greenwashing: What Is It and How to Avoid It,” Global Citizen, 2021, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

一个支持生物体的集聚及其与非生物环境相互作用的陆地、淡水或海洋地理单元或航道。栖息地对各种影响的敏感性以及社会所赋予的价值各不相同。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

中国政府最新强调了发展质量优先,提高人民生活水平。在寻求快速增长的过渡阶段,中国政府声明现在致力于以人为本的进步,以及创新、协调、绿色、开放和包容性发展

ប្រភព

Adapted from The State Council Information Office of The People's Republic of China, "Xi Jinping on China's high-quality development," 2021, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

一种文书,用于识别、分析和控制与项目地点是否存在危险材料和条件相关的危害。对于涉及某些易燃、易爆、反应性和有毒材料的项目,如果项目地点中这些材料的数量超过规定的阈值水平,资金方可能会要求对这些项目进行危害评估。对于某些项目,环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 报告可能仅包括危害评估。在其他情况下,此项评估属于 ESIA 文档中的内容。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

项目时间表,概述了在项目实施和运营期间在预定时间框内要执行的具体行动和责任。 

និយមន័យ

由项目引起的环境或社会影响,并且比直接影响的时间或关系更远,但仍然可以合理预见。不包括诱发影响

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

由项目引起的意外但可预测的开发对地区和社区的环境或社会影响。这种影响可能发生在项目实施阶段完成后和/或发生在另一个位置。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook Draft Working Document," 2012, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

初步评估和描述拟建项目的影响并提供潜在缓解措施的文件。通常通过项目筛选产生,说明了项目可能需要的环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 的类型。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), “Chapter 3: EIA Process,” 1995, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

对于所考虑的生态系统并非本地(或是外来)物种,一旦引入会损害或可能损害环境、人类健康和/或经济。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF; Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook Draft Working Document," 2012, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

承包商开发商资金方跟踪其在实现预期环境和社会成果方面所取得进展的指标。这些指标可以帮助公司根据一组目标、目的或业界同行来衡量其绩效。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Investopedia, "Key Performance Indicator," 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

为保护或保存生物多样性而依法划定的区域,包括政府提议划定的区域。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook Draft Working Document," 2012, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一种通常应用于环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 的工具,是一种逐步解决风险和影响的方法,具体如下所示:预测和避免风险和影响;在无法避免的情况下,将风险和影响最小化或减少到可接受的水平;在风险和影响最小化或减少、减轻后;以及仍然存在残余风险或影响,在技术和财务上可行的情况下,补偿或抵消风险或影响。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

可能容纳了大量非本地来源的植物和/或动物物种的区域,和/或人类活动已大大改变区域的主要生态功能和物种组成的区域。例如,改良栖息地可包括农业、人工林、填海沿海地区和填海湿地的管理区域。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

由主要源自本地植物和/或动物物种的可行组合构成和/或人类活动尚未从根本上改变区域的主要生态功能和物种组成的区域。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

可持续地利用主要自然资源,如土地、水、空气、矿产、森林、渔业和野生动植物。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Manoj Kumar Jhariya, Arnab Banerjee, and Ram Swaroop Meena, “Chapter 1 - Importance of Natural Resources Conservation: Moving toward the Sustainable World,” in Natural Resources Conservation and Advances for Sustainability, ed. Manoj Kumar Jhariya et al. (Elsevier, 2022), 3–27.

និយមន័យ

通过创造或加强自然和关键栖息地可以实现的其他保护成果。通过充分应用缓解措施等级和/或实施其他方案来加强这些栖息地和保护或保存生物多样性,可以实现净收益。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF; Leeds City Council, "Achieving net gain for biodiversity - guidance for developers," 2020, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

与项目相关的生物多样性丧失与所采取措施避免和尽量减少这些影响所产生的收益相平衡的点;进行现场恢复;最后,在适当的地理范围内抵消重大剩余影响

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一种环境政策,要求由造成污染或损害的责任方承担实施污染预防和控制措施以及减轻其他环境损害的成本。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook Draft Working Document," 2012, View the PDF; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), "The Polluter-Pays Principle, OECD Analyses and Recommendations," 1992, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

固相、液相或气相中的有害和无害化学污染物。其中含有其他成分,例如向水体的热排放、短期和长期气候污染物排放、令人讨厌的气味、噪音、振动、辐射、电磁能量以及产生潜在的视觉影响,包括光。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook Draft Working Document," 2012, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

包括旨在避免或尽量减少污染物(包括短期和长期气候污染物)排放的措施。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

在存在严重或不可逆转的环境损害威胁的情况下,不以缺乏充分的科学确定性为理由,推迟采取措施防止环境恶化

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook Draft Working Document," 2012, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

在项目实施和项目运营阶段防止事故、事件或紧急情况再次发生的拟定措施。请参阅环境和社会行动计划的准备与实施,了解有关如何计划、批准、实施和监控纠正措施的更多信息。

និយមន័យ

可能受拟建项目影响的区域,包括其附属部分,如输电走廊、管道、运河、隧道、改线通路和通道、借用和处置区以及建筑营地,以及项目引起的计划外开发,如自发定居、伐木或沿通道转移农业。对于更大、更复杂的基础设施项目,这种影响区域可能包括靠近甚至远离拟建项目地点的人员、土地和水体。例如,影响区域可能包括项目所在的流域;任何受影响的河口和沿海地区;安置或补偿区所需的场外区域;空域(例如,烟雾或灰尘等空气污染物可能进入或离开该区域);人类、野生生物或鱼类的迁徙路线,特别是与公共卫生、经济活动或环境保护有关;以及用于生计活动(例如,狩猎、捕鱼、放牧、采集和农业)或传统性质的宗教或仪式目的的区域。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Enhancing AIIB's Accountability: The Project-Affected People's Mechanism," 2018, View the PDF; World Bank, “Ext Opmanual - OP 4.01, Annex A - Definitions,” 1999, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

跟踪环境和社会管理计划 (ESMP) 的实施进度与合规性的过程。有关环境和社会绩效的信息应在网上和其他公共论坛进行披露。有关此过程的详细信息,请参阅项目监控和报告

និយមន័យ

收集基础数据并确定在环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 中进一步检查的最关键问题的过程。受影响民众和其他利益相关方应参与这一步骤。有关此过程的详细信息,请参阅项目范围界定

និយមន័យ

决定项目所需的环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 类型的过程。资金方东道国政府有自己的拟建项目筛选标准。有关此过程的详细信息,请参阅项目分类和筛选

និយមន័យ

确保评估或其他活动与项目的性质和规模适合,并合理反映潜在的环境和社会风险和影响的程度。

និយមន័យ

一项文书,用于审查与特定战略、政策、计划或方案或特定区域(例如,城市地区、流域或沿海地区)的一系列项目相关的环境和社会风险和影响;评估并比较替代方案的影响;评估与风险和影响相关的法律和制度方面;并建议采取广泛措施加强该地区的环境和社会管理。区域评估特别注意多个活动或项目的潜在累积影响,但可能不包括对具体项目的具体地点分析。在这些情况下,环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 顾问应制定补充信息。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

不断补充的自然资源或自然过程所产生的能量。这类能源包括太阳能、风能、地热能、水力发电、生物质能以及潮汐能和波浪能

ប្រភព

Adapted from Lora Shinn, “Renewable Energy: The Clean Facts,” Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

在实施缓解措施后仍然存在的不利环境或社会影响。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook Draft Working Document," 2012, View the PDF; SOAS, "Unit 1: Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)," accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

一项文书,用于估计项目地点存在危险条件或材料造成损害的可能性。风险表示潜在危害实现的可能性和重要性;因此,危害评估通常先于风险评估,或者两者合二为一进行评估。风险评估是一种灵活的分析方法,是组织和分析潜在危险活动或在特定条件下可能构成风险的物质相关科学信息的系统方法。资金方可能需要对涉及处理、储存或处置危险材料和废物、建造水坝或在易受地震活动或其他潜在破坏性自然事件影响的地点进行重大建筑工程的项目进行风险评估。对于某些项目,环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 报告可能仅包括风险评估。在其他情况下,此项评估属于 ESIA 文档中的内容。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, “Operational Manual - OP 4.01 -- Annex A,” 1999, View the Website; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

对项目环境和社会影响的潜在范围进行确定的初步评估。应在项目范围界定期间进行,并应在准备和实施更深入的环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 之前提供坚实的基础。 

និយមន័យ

一项文书,用于审查与特定战略、政策、计划或方案或与一个地区或整个国家的特定行业领域(例如电力、交通或农业)的一系列项目相关的环境问题和影响;评估并比较替代方案的影响;评估与问题和影响相关的法律和制度方面;并建议采取广泛措施加强该部门的环境和社会管理。行业评估特别注意多种活动的潜在累积影响。行业 ESIA 可能需要补充项目和地点特定信息。

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), "Environmental and Social Framework," 2021, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

具有国际、国家或区域重要性的地区,如湿地、具有高度生物多样性价值的森林、具有考古或文化意义的地区、对土著人民或其他弱势群体具有重要意义的地区以及国家公园和其他法律保护区

ប្រភព

Adapted from Equator Principles Association (EPA), "The Equator Principles 4," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

由于土地或水的使用发生重大、长期变化或栖息地的改变而造成栖息地消失或完整性严重破坏,从而大大降低栖息地维持其本地物种生存种群的能力。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from International Finance Corporation (IFC), "Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability," 2012, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

系统地审查与政策、计划或方案相关的环境和社会风险和影响,通常为国家层面,但也可能是地方层面。对环境和社会风险和影响的审查涉及各种环境和社会风险和影响。SESA 通常并非针对某个地点特别制定,因此,需要结合评估项目风险和影响的特定项目和地点研究编制。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from World Bank, "World Bank Environmental and Social Framework," Washington, DC, 2016, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一种兼顾未来发展的范式,力求在追求提高生活质量的同时平衡好环境、社会和经济考虑因素。


中国政府对可持续性的认识是社会与环境之间实现和谐发展,从而推动经济、环境和社会成果;涉及绿色发展;造福今世后代。

ប្រភព

Adapted from United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), “Education for Sustainable Development | UNESCO,” accessed in 2022, View the Website; Chen Liu et al., “A Chinese Route to Sustainability: Postsocialist Transitions and the Construction of Ecological Civilization,” Sustainable Development 26, no. 6 (2018): 741–48.

និយមន័យ

既满足当代人的需要,又不对后代人满足其需要的能力构成危害的发展。具体涉及实现可持续性的许多过程和途径。可持续发展包括四个相互交织的维度:社会、环境、文化和经济,这四个方面相互关联,不可分割。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), “Education for Sustainable Development | UNESCO,” accessed in 2022, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

联合国 (UN) 于 2015 年通过该目标,作为消除贫困、保护地球并确保到 2030 年实现人人共享和平与繁荣的普遍行动呼吁。这 17 个目标涵盖了可持续性的三个维度:社会、经济和环境。

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Adapted from United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), “Sustainable Development Goals | United Nations Development Programme,” 2016, View the Website.

និយមន័យ

一份文件,定义了环境和社会影响评估 (ESIA) 顾问将如何准备和实施 ESIA 的各个方面。作为项目范围界定的一部分,通常会总结项目的主要特征,列出要求,确定评估要涵盖的主要影响和风险,提出评估的工具和方法,提供初步的替代方案,具体规定要进行的利益相关方磋商的类型,并概述编制 ESIA 及环境和社会管理计划 (ESMP)预算和时间表。 

ប្រភព

Adapted from International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), "Environmental & Social Management System (ESMS)," 2016, View the PDF; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), "Environmental and Social Impact Assessment," 2020, View the PDF.

និយមន័យ

一种延伸到项目东道国以外的多个国家/地区的环境或社会影响。具体包括区域影响,但不包括全球性影响。

ប្រភព

Adapted from Asian Development Bank (ADB), "Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook Draft Working Document," 2012, View the PDF.