Tuesday, April 1, 2025 – The Asia Society Policy Institute’s Center for China Analysis (CCA) has published “A New Triangle: The Interplay Between China and EU-India Relations” by CCA Senior Fellow Philippe Le Corre, who examines the evolving relationship between Brussels and New Delhi and explores how an EU-India partnership could play a more important role as tensions with China escalate.

“Since 2019, the Sino-European relationship has encountered rising economic and strategic challenges, paving the way for a new player — India,” writes Le Corre.  “Economic ties between India and Europe are growing, including in defense procurement, with both sides increasingly interested in expanding them.”

Le Corre details several factors that have driven a wedge between China and the EU, including Beijing’s coercive economic practices and frequent meetings between Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin. Meanwhile, the EU and India share a commitment to a “rules-based global order, effective multilateralism, sustainable development, and a certain degree of strategic autonomy,” he writes.

Trade in goods between the EU and India has surged by almost 90% over the past decade, notes Le Corre. “The EU is already India’s largest trading partner, with $133.7 billion worth of trade in goods in 2023, 12.2% of India’s total trade.”

But upgrading the EU-India relationship could prove challenging, Le Corre warns. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi have expressed their intention to finalize a free trade agreement by the end of 2025, but some EU members have concerns, particularly on agricultural and environmental issues.

“Despite challenges, the EU-India relationship will remain pivotal. As the global order continues to shift, the EU will increasingly rely on India to counterbalance China’s rise and address the changing dynamics in the Indo-Pacific region,” concludes Le Corre.

Read the full paper here. Members of the media interested in interviewing Le Corre should email [email protected].