Rapid economic development over the past few decades has greatly improved the living standards of hundreds of millions in China, but as their material needs were satisfied, many turned to spiritual pursuits in search of meaning and personal fulfillment. This initiative provides a window into China’s spiritual crisis through an investigation of key features of the country’s evolving religious landscape and an examination of some of the popular varieties of religious experience now sweeping the country. It also considers the implications of these trends for the Party-state’s efforts to control religion, along with the major governance challenges that they present for China’s leaders, who remain determined to instill moral and ethical values of their own.